Tonkatsu (豚カツ) is an iconic dish of Japanese cuisine, widely appreciated for its crispy texture and juicy flavor. Made of a breaded and fried pork cutlet, this dish is a perfect combination of tradition and Western inspiration. Sliced into easy-to-eat pieces, tonkatsu is usually served with freshly sliced cabbage, white rice, and a comforting miso soup, creating a harmonious meal that pleases both the eyes and the palate.
Although today it is a symbol of Japanese cuisine, tonkatsu has an interesting origin that dates back to the late 19th century. Influenced by Western料理, the dish initially emerged as a Japanese adaptation of European breaded meat recipes. Since then, tonkatsu has evolved to become an essential part of the Japanese menu, with its own distinctive sauce and a variety of variations.
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The Origin and Evolution of Tonkatsu
The Emergence in the Meiji Era
Tonkatsu was born during the Meiji Era (1868-1912), a period when Japan opened its doors to the West and incorporated foreign influences into its culture and cuisine. Originally called “katsuretsu” (コトレツ), the initial version was made with beef. The preparation involved a thin layer of breading to keep the meat's juices, and this technique was quickly adapted for pork, a more accessible ingredient that offered a different and captivating flavor.
The first version of tonkatsu made with pork is said to have been served in a Western-style restaurant in Ginza, Tokyo, around 1890. The idea of using pork instead of beef reflected the growing popularity of pork in the Japanese diet, especially due to its versatility.
The Transition to "Tonkatsu"
The term "tonkatsu" as we know it today was introduced in the 1930s. The name is a combination of the words "ton" (豚), which means pork, and "katsu," an abbreviation of "katsuretsu." During this time, the dish gained prominence for its simplicity, but also for the way it perfectly harmonized with classic Japanese side dishes such as rice and miso soup.
Panko (パン粉), a coarser Japanese breadcrumbs, also plays an important role in the popularity of tonkatsu. It provides a distinct crunch that doesn't absorb as much oil, keeping the meat juicy on the inside and incredibly crispy on the outside.
How Tonkatsu Is Prepared
The Choice of Meat
To make a perfect tonkatsu, choosing the right meat is essential. The most popular cuts include the lombo (rosu) and the bisteca (hire). The lombo is a cut with a bit more fat, which makes the dish even tastier and juicier. On the other hand, the bisteca, being leaner, provides a lighter texture. Normally, the thickness of the meat varies between 1 to 2 centimeters, which ensures that the meat cooks evenly during frying.
The Process of Breading and Frying
The secret to the crunchiness of tonkatsu lies in the breading technique. The meat is first seasoned with salt and black pepper, then lightly dusted with flour, dipped in beaten egg, and finally coated with panko. Frying in hot oil at 170-180°C is crucial to achieve the perfect texture. The result is a golden, crispy cutlet that retains its internal juiciness.
To ensure that the tonkatsu is light and crispy, panko is especially important. Unlike traditional breadcrumbs, panko is airier and creates a crust that doesn’t absorb as much oil. This results in a final dish that is irresistibly crunchy and flavorful.
Traditional Variations and Accompaniments
Katsu Sauce and Shredded Cabbage
Katsu sauce, a type of thick and slightly sweet sauce, is an essential complement to tonkatsu. It is made from fruits, vegetables, and spices, and can be found in simpler or more elaborate versions. The fresh shredded cabbage served alongside helps balance the rich flavor and provides a refreshing texture.
Katsu-don and Other Variations
Tonkatsu is also the basis for other popular dishes, such as katsu-don. In this dish, the breaded meat is cooked in a dashi broth with onions and egg, and then served over a bed of hot rice. This variation transforms the flavor and texture of tonkatsu into something more comforting and juicy. Other adaptations include "tonkatsu sando," a tonkatsu sandwich, which is perfect for a quick meal.
The Harmony of Accompaniments
White rice and miso soup (misoshiru) are essential in a tonkatsu meal. The rice helps balance the crunchiness and strong flavor of the meat, while the miso soup adds a layer of complexity and comfort to the palate. The combination of these elements transforms tonkatsu into a complete meal that celebrates simplicity and flavor.
Tonkatsu Recipe
Ingredients:
- 1 sirloin steak or steak, 1 or 2 centimeters thick
- Salt and pepper to season
- One beaten egg for breading
- Wheat flour or cornstarch (optional)
- Panko breadcrumbs
- Finely sliced cabbage
- Tonkatsu sauce
- Frying oil
Preparation mode:
- Season the steaks with salt and pepper to taste;
- Dip in the beaten egg and then in the wheat flour or cornstarch (This step is optional, but is recommended for a more dry and crispy frying.)
- Dip in the egg again and then in the panko breadcrumbs, press the steak well in the flour to stick well and form a generous layer that will give all that desired crispiness.
- Put it to fry at not too high temperature until it turns golden brown;
- Slice and place on a plate;
- Place the cabbage next to the tonkatsu and serve with the sauce;
In Japan it is quite easy to find ready-made sauces in markets for use in tonkatsu and other dishes, but if you want, you can make a sauce similar to your own.
Ingredients:
- 4 tablespoons of ketchup
- 1 tablespoon Worcestershire-style Worcestershire sauce
- 1 tablespoon of sake
- 1 teaspoon(s) grated ginger
- 1 teaspoon of crushed garlic
- 1 tablespoon of sugar
Preparation mode:
Put everything in a pot and heat until thickens, and it's ready. And remember that you can prepare the dish to your taste, however you like, always make dishes that please you and your palate.