In Japan, the concept of overtime is known as zangyo (残業). For many Brazilians who go to the country in search of new opportunities, long working hours can seem daunting, especially because Japanese culture values effort and dedication to work. But the central question is: are people required to work overtime? The reality is a bit more complex, and in this article, we will clarify how zangyo works, the rights of workers, and whether there are ways to avoid these additional hours.
Overtime is undoubtedly a significant part of working life in Japan. However, it is not mandatory in all cases, as many believe. The law protects workers from excessive demands, although the work culture still exerts considerable pressure on employees to extend their hours.
Read also: Karoshi – Death from overwork in Japan
Table of Contents
How Does Overtime Work in Japan?
The working system in Japan is regulated by a series of norms that protect the rights of employees, and overtime is no exception. According to the Labor Standards Act of Japan, the standard working hours are 8 hours per day or 40 hours per week. Any work beyond this limit is considered zangyo and requires additional compensation.
Mutual Consent is Necessary
The concept of overtime in Japan is based on mutual consent between the employer and the employee. This means that no one can be forced to work beyond regular hours unless a specific agreement has been established. This agreement, called the “Agreement 36” (Saburoku Kyotei), is a formal contract that allows the company to request overtime under certain conditions.
Fair Compensation and Specific Rules
Overtime is paid with increments that vary according to the type and duration of the additional work. Generally, the payment for overtime is 25% above the normal rate. In cases of work during night hours or holidays, the rate can rise to 50% or even 60%. However, there is a maximum limit for performing overtime, which is regulated to prevent abuse.
Foreign Workers and Zangyo
Many Brazilians who move to Japan work in factories, where zangyo is often requested. These workers often choose to do overtime to increase their income, but it is important to remember that this choice should not be forced. If a company tries to impose zangyo without consent, it is violating Japanese labor legislation.
Are You Required to Do Zangyo?
Despite the strong work culture in Japan, the answer is clear: no, you are not required to do zangyo against your will. The law is strict in stating that overtime must be performed only with the worker’s consent. However, it is common for employees to feel an implicit pressure to perform additional work, especially in companies that value the concept of “total dedication” to work.
Social and Cultural Pressure
Japan has a strong team work culture, and many workers feel that they must contribute with overtime to avoid appearing less committed than their colleagues. This creates a situation where, even if there is no legal obligation, social pressure can lead employees to accept zangyo.
Irregular Companies and Abusive Practices
Unfortunately, there are cases where companies make abusive demands or try to deceive workers about their rights. If you come across job advertisements stating that zangyo is “mandatory,” be wary. This type of practice is not only unfair but also illegal. It is advisable to avoid such companies unless you are willing to work overtime to increase your income.
Is It Possible to Find a Job with a Relaxed Schedule?
Many people have the impression that in Japan everyone works long hours, but this is not entirely true. There are sectors and companies with a lighter workload, especially in areas such as education, administrative services, and companies that prioritize work-life balance.
Jobs with Shorter Hours
For those who want more free time, there are options for jobs with a more relaxed schedule. Small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as startups, often offer flexible hours. Additionally, many part-time jobs, known as arubaito, may have adjustable hours.
Tips for Finding the Right Job
If your priority is work-life balance, it is worth researching companies that promote this type of environment. Furthermore, checking reviews from former employees can help you get an idea of how the company handles zangyo. The search can be challenging, but it is possible to find positions that respect your needs.
Changes in Corporate Culture
In recent years, Japan has made efforts to reduce the culture of excessive work by promoting policies that encourage the reduction of overtime. Some companies have adopted practices such as “No Overtime Days” and more flexible working hours. This represents a significant advancement for those seeking a more balanced life in Japan.
Final Considerations
Although the practice of zangyo is common, it should not be seen as an obligation. Knowing your rights and seeking companies that respect work-life balance is crucial for a good experience in Japan. For many, overworking means missing opportunities to experience Japanese culture. So, if you are in Japan or planning to go, think carefully about how you want to spend your time and what is most important to you.
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