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What is Zangyo? Understand Overtime in Japan

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Per Kevin

In Japan, the concept of overtime is known as zangyo (残業). For many Brazilians who go to the country in search of new opportunities, long working hours can seem daunting, especially because Japanese culture values effort and dedication to work. But the central question is: are people required to work overtime? The reality is a bit more complex, and in this article, we will clarify how zangyo works, the rights of workers, and whether there are ways to avoid these additional hours.

Overtime is undoubtedly a significant part of working life in Japan. However, it is not mandatory in all cases, as many believe. The law protects workers from excessive demands, although the work culture still exerts considerable pressure on employees to extend their hours.

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How Overtime Works in Japan?

The work system in Japan is regulated by a series of rules that protect employees' rights, and overtime is no exception. According to the Japanese Labor Standards Act, the standard workday is 8 hours per day or 40 hours per week. Any work beyond this limit is considered zangyo and requires additional compensation.

Mutual Consent is Necessary

The concept of overtime in Japan is based on mutual consent between the employer and the employee. This means that no one can be forced to work beyond regular hours unless a specific agreement has been established. This agreement, called the “Agreement 36” (Saburoku Kyotei), is a formal contract that allows the company to request overtime under certain conditions.

Fair Compensation and Specific Rules

Overtime is paid with increases that vary according to the type and duration of the additional work. In general, payment for overtime is 25% above the normal rate. In cases of work during nighttime hours or on holidays, the rate can rise to 50% or even 60%. However, there is a maximum limit for overtime work, which is regulated to prevent abuses.

Foreign Workers and Zangyo

Many Brazilians who move to Japan work in factories, where zangyo is often requested. These workers often choose to do overtime to increase their income, but it is important to remember that this choice should not be forced. If a company tries to impose zangyo without consent, it is violating Japanese labor laws.

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Are You Required to Do Zangyo?

Despite the strong work culture in Japan, the answer is clear: no, you are not obligated to do zangyo against your will. The law is strict in stating that overtime must be performed only with the worker's consent. However, it is common for employees to feel implicit pressure to do additional work, especially in companies that value the concept of "total dedication" to work.

Social and Cultural Pressure

Japan has a strong team work culture, and many workers feel they must contribute extra hours to avoid appearing less committed than their colleagues. This creates a situation where, even though there is no legal obligation, social pressure can lead employees to accept zangyo.

Irregular Companies and Abusive Practices

Unfortunately, there are cases where companies make abusive demands or try to deceive workers about their rights. If you come across job advertisements that state that zangyo is "mandatory," be suspicious. This type of practice is not only unfair but also illegal. It is advised to avoid such companies unless you are willing to work overtime to increase your income.

What is zangyo? Understand overtime in Japan.

Is it possible to find a job with a relaxed schedule?

Many people have the impression that in Japan everyone works long hours, but this is not entirely true. There are sectors and companies with a lighter workload, especially in areas such as education, administrative services, and companies that prioritize work-life balance.

Jobs with Reduced Working Hours

For those who wish to have more free time, there are job options with a more relaxed schedule. Small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as startups, usually offer flexible hours. Additionally, many part-time jobs, known as arubaito, may have adjustable hours.

Tips for Finding the Right Job

If your priority is the balance between professional and personal life, it is worth researching companies that promote this type of environment. Additionally, checking the reviews of former employees can help you get an idea of how the company deals with zangyo. The search may be challenging, but it is possible to find positions that respect your needs.

Changes in Corporate Culture

In recent years, Japan has made efforts to reduce the culture of excessive work by promoting policies that encourage the reduction of overtime hours. Some companies have adopted practices such as "No Overtime Days" and more flexible working hours. This represents a significant advancement for those seeking a more balanced life in Japan.

Experiences do not define Japan

Final Thoughts

Although the practice of zangyo is common, it should not be seen as an obligation. Knowing your rights and seeking companies that respect the balance between work and personal life is crucial for a good experience in Japan. For many, overworking means missing opportunities to experience Japanese culture. So, if you are in Japan or planning to go, think carefully about how you want to enjoy your time and what is most important to you.

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