Country names in Japanese - World Map

Country names in Japanese - World Map

Continents, katakana spellings, ateji kanji, and newspaper abbreviations for countries in Japanese.

Brazil is burajiru [ブラジル] in Japanese — and in headlines it often shrinks to a single character, haku [伯]. Country names in Japanese are rarely “just” a translation: sometimes katakana borrowed from English or Portuguese, sometimes old ateji kanji, sometimes one abbreviation character that newspapers still use.

Country is kuni [国]; a country’s language is kokugo [国語]. Below you’ll find continents, key country names, and the classic abbreviations — not every UN member, but the spellings learners actually meet in maps, news, and textbooks.

World Map - Countries in Japanese
Contents 13

Tairiku - Continents in Japanese

Continents are called tairiku [大陸] in Japanese. Here is the basic list:

ContinentKanjiRōmaji
Africaアフリカ大陸afurika tairiku
Antarctica南極大陸nankyoku tairiku
Asiaアジア大陸 / 亜細亜大陸ajia tairiku
Oceaniaオセアニア大陸oseania tairiku
Europeヨーロッパ大陸 / 欧州yooroppa tairiku / ōshū
North America北アメリカ大陸 / 北米kita amerika tairiku / hokubei
South America南アメリカ大陸 / 南米minami amerika tairiku / nambei

Note: In modern Japanese, almost all country names appear in katakana. Kanji spellings (ateji) and one-character abbreviations show up mainly in newspapers, history texts, and compounds — the pronunciation still usually follows the katakana form.

Countries of Africa in Japanese

Africa is afurika [アフリカ] (also historically written with ateji as 阿弗利加). Below is a selection of major African country names — in everyday use and in the news, the katakana form is usually enough:

CountryKanjiKanaRōmaji
Egyptエジプトエジプトejiputo
Algeriaアルジェリア / アルジェリア民主人民共和国アルジェリア / アルジェリアみんしゅじんみんきょうわこくarujeria / arujeria minshujinmin kyouwakoku
Chadチャド / チャド共和国チャド / チャド共和国chado / chado kyouwakoku
Libyaリビア / リビア国リビア / リビアこくribia / ribia koku
South Africa南アフリカ / 南アフリカ共和国みなみアフリカ / みなみアフリカきょうわこくminami afurika / minami afurika kyouwakoku
Nigeriaナイジェリアナイジェリアnaijeria
Kenyaケニアケニアkenia
Moroccoモロッコモロッコmorokko
Ethiopiaエチオピアエチオピアechiopia
Ghanaガーナガーナgaana
Tanzaniaタンザニアタンザニアtanzania

Countries of Asia in Japanese

Below is a list of countries in Asia and the broader East, with names often written in katakana under each subtitle (East Asia is the main exception).

Far East [東アジア]

Some places in East Asia keep kanji spellings that learners meet early — China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan — because of shared character culture. Meanings of a few of these names appear at the end of the article.

CountryJapaneseRomaji
China中国chuugoku
Hong Kong香港honkon
Japan日本nihon / nippon
Macau澳門makao
Mongoliaモンゴルmongoru
North Korea北朝鮮kitachousen
South Korea韓国kankoku
Taiwan台湾taiwan
  • Japanese materials often place Mongolia with the Far East, even though geography textbooks may list it under Central Asia.
    • Mongolia is also known as mouko [蒙古]
  • China also appears as [チャイナ] or historically [シナ]
  • Japan is also called ジャパン in some loan contexts
  • The two Koreas are also referred to with chousen [朝鮮] or the loanword koria;
    • The Korean Peninsula is chousenhantou [朝鮮半島]

Southeast Asia - Tounanajia [東南アジア]

CountryJapaneseRomaji
Bruneiブルネイburunei
Cambodiaカンボジアkanbojia
East Timor東ティモールhigashi tiimooru
Indonesiaインドネシアindoneshia
Laosラオスraosu
Malaysiaマレーシアmareeshia
Myanmarミャンマーmyanmaa
Philippinesフィリピン / 比律賓firipin
Singaporeシンガポール / 新嘉坡shingapooru
Thailandタイ / 泰tai
Vietnamベトナム / 越南betonamu

Indian Subcontinent - Minamiajia [南アジア]

CountryJapaneseRomaji
Bangladeshバングラデシュbanguradeshu
Bhutanブータンbuutan
Indiaインドindo
Maldivesモルディブmorudibu
Nepalネパールnepaaru
Pakistanパキスタンpakisutan
Sri Lankaスリランカsuriranka

Central Asia - Chuuouajia [中央アジア]

CountryJapaneseRomaji
Afghanistanアフガニスタンafuganisutan
Kazakhstanカザフスタンkazafusutan
Kyrgyzstanキルギスkirugisu
Tajikistanタジキスタンtajikisutan
Turkmenistanトルクメニスタンtorukumenisutan
Uzbekistanウズベキスタンuzubekisutan

Countries of Europe in Japanese

Europe is yooroppa [ヨーロッパ] (ateji 欧羅巴), also oushuu [欧州]; the pair Europe–America is often oubei [欧米]. A practical list of European names:

CountryKanjiKanaRōmaji
Icelandアイスランドアイスランドaisurando
Ireland愛蘭アイルランドairurando
Albaniaアルバニアアルバニアarubania
Andorraアンドラアンドラandora
United Kingdom
- England
- Scotland
- Wales
- Northern Ireland
英吉利 / 英国
- 英蘭
- 蘇格蘭
- ウェールズ
- 北愛蘭
イギリス / えいこく
- イングランド
- スコットランド
- ウェールズ
- きたアイルランド
igirisu / eikoku
- ingurando
- sukottorando
- weeruzu
- kita airurando
Italy伊太利イタリアitaria
Ukraine烏克蘭ウクライナukuraina
Estoniaエストニアエストニアesutonia
Austria墺太利オーストリアoosutoria
Netherlands阿蘭陀オランダoranda
Greece希臘ギリシア / ギリシャgirishia / girisha
Croatiaクロアチアクロアチアkuroachia
Switzerland瑞西スイスsuisu
Sweden瑞典スウェーデンsuweeden
Slovakiaスロバキアスロバキアsurobakia
Sloveniaスロベニアスロベニアsurobenia
Spain西班牙スペインsupein
Czech Republic捷克チェコcheko
Denmark丁抹デンマークdenmaaku
Germany独逸ドイツdoitsu
Turkey土耳古トルコtoruko
Norway諾威ノルウェーnoruwee
Hungary洪牙利ハンガリーhangarii
Finland芬蘭フィンランドfinrando
France仏蘭西フランスfuransu
Belarus白ロシアベラルーシberaruushi
Bulgaria勃牙利ブルガリアburugaria
Belgium白耳義ベルギーberugii
Bosnia and Herzegovinaボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナbosunia herutsegobina
Poland波蘭ポーランドpoorando
Portugal葡萄牙ポルトガルporutogaru
Maltaマルタマルタmaruta
Moldovaモルドバモルドバmorudoba
Serbiaセルビアセルビアserubia
Montenegroモンテネグロモンテネグロmonteneguro
Latviaラトビアラトビアratobia
Lithuaniaリトアニアリトアニアritoania
Luxembourgルクセンブルクルクセンブルクrukusenburuku
Romania羅馬尼亜ルーマニアruumania
Russia露西亜ロシアroshia

Countries of North America in Japanese

North America is kita amerika [北アメリカ] or hokubei [北米]. Selected names:

CountryKanjiKanaRōmaji
Canada加奈陀カナダkanada
United States亜米利加 / 米国アメリカ / べいこくamerika / beikoku
Mexico墨西哥メキシコmekishiko
Panama巴奈馬パナマpanama
Cuba玖馬キューバkyuuba
Jamaica牙買加ジャマイカjamaika
Dominican Republicドミニカ共和国ドミニカきょうわこくdominika kyouwakoku
Haitiハイチハイチhaichi

Tip: ドミニカ国 is Dominica (the island nation), not the Dominican Republic — easy to mix up in Japanese news.

Countries of South America in Japanese

South America is minami amerika [南アメリカ] or nanbei [南米]:

CountryKanjiKanaRōmaji
Brazil伯剌西爾 / 伯国ブラジルburajiru
Argentina亜爾然丁アルゼンチンaruzenchin
Chile智利チリchiri
Colombiaコロンビアコロンビアkoronbia
Peru秘魯ペルーperuu
Venezuelaベネズエラベネズエラbenezuera
Uruguayウルグアイウルグアイuruguai

Countries of Oceania in Japanese

Oceania is oseania [オセアニア] or taiyoushuu [大洋州]:

CountryKanjiKanaRōmaji
Australia豪州オーストラリアoosutoraria
New Zealand新西蘭ニュージーランドnyuujiirando
Fijiフィジーフィジーfijii
Papua New Guineaパプアニューギニアパプアニューギニアpapua nyuuginia

Abbreviation and Kanji of countries in Japanese

The list below pairs common country names with ateji kanji and the one-character abbreviations still seen in newspapers. Even when written in kanji, most names are still pronounced with the familiar katakana reading.

That pattern comes from ateji [当て字]: before katakana became standard for foreign place names, writers chose characters for their sound, not because the kanji described the character of the country.

CountryRomajiKanjiAbbr.
Argentinaaruzenchin亜爾然丁
Australiaoosutoraria豪斯多剌里亜
Austriaoosutoria墺太利
Belgiumberugii白耳義
Boliviaboribia波利美亜
Brazilburajiru伯剌西爾
Bulgariaburugaria布爾加利亜
Canadakanada加拿大
Chilechiri智利
Chinachuugoku中華人民共和国 / 中国
Denmarkdenmaaku丁抹
Egyptejiputo埃及
United Kingdomigirisu / eikoku英吉利 / 英国
Finlandfinrando芬蘭
Francefuransu仏蘭西
Germanydoitsu独逸
Greecegirisha希臘
Hungaryhangarii匈牙利
Icelandaisurando氷島
Indiaindo印度
Indonesiaindoneshia印度尼西亜
Irelandairurando愛蘭
Italyitaria伊太利
Japannihon / nippon日本
Mexicomekishiko墨西哥
Mongoliamongoru蒙古
Myanmarmyanmaa緬甸
Netherlandsoranda阿蘭陀
New Zealandnyuujiirando新西蘭
North Koreakitachousen北朝鮮
Norwaynoruwee諾威
Philippinesfiripin比律賓
Polandpoorando波蘭
Portugalporutogaru葡萄牙
Romaniaruumania羅馬尼亜
Russiaroshia露西亜
Singaporeshingapooru新嘉坡
South Africaminami afurika南阿弗利加南阿
South Koreakankoku大韓民国 / 韓国
Spainsupein西班牙西
Swedensuweeden瑞典
Switzerlandsuisu瑞西
Taiwantaiwan台湾
Thailandtai
Turkeytoruko土耳古
Ukraineukuraina烏克蘭
United Statesamerika / beikoku亜米利加 / 米国
Vietnambetonamu越南

Meaning of the names of countries in Japanese

China, chuugoku [中国], literally points to a “central country” or central region. Japan, nippon / nihon [日本], is the familiar origin of the sun / land of the rising sun reading.

Thailand’s single character tai [泰] carries ideas of peace, calm, and ease. South Korea is written kankoku [韓国] — common characters that today mainly identify “Korea” as a country name rather than a poetic description.

North Korea is kitachousen [北朝鮮]: the north character plus elements historically tied to the Korean peninsula’s name. Breaking the characters into “fresh / bright land” is a dictionary game, not how Japanese speakers treat the country name in ordinary speech.

Kanji for place names often package sound first; treat “literal meanings” as cultural footnotes, not as official national slogans.

Sources and Useful Links

About the author

Kevin Henrique

Kevin Henrique has written about the Japanese language, culture, anime, games, and travel since founding Suki Desu in 2014. He first visited Japan in 2016.

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