In this article, we will share a list of rules and grammatical structures of the Japanese language studied in JLPT N3. It is a complete list of N3 Japanese grammar, involving particles, adverbs, and other expressions that form the basis of Japanese.
Japanese Grammar of N3 JLPT
We recommend examining the grammatical expressions in isolation, as there may have been some errors during translation. The purpose of the list below is only to show what you need to study to take the JLPT N3 exam.
Responsive Table: Scroll the table sideways with your finger >>
| Japanese | Romaji | Explanation |
| あまり | amari | so much that |
| あまりにも | amari ni mo | too much; so much that; excessively ~ |
| いくら～ても | ikura~temo | no matter how ~ |
| うちに | uchi ni | while; before ~ |
| おかげで | okage de | thanks to; due to; because of ~ |
| かける | kakeru | half-; not yet finished; in the middle of ~ |
| がたい | gatai | very difficult; hard to ~ |
| がち | gachi | to tend to; tendency to; frequently; often; do something easily |
| から〜にかけて | kara~ni kakete | through; from A to B] |
| か何か（かなにか） | ka nani ka | or something like ~ |
| きり | kiri | only; just; since; after ~ |
| くせに | kuse ni | and yet; although; despite the fact that ~ |
| くらい・ぐらい | kurai / gurai | approximately; about; around; to the extent of ~ |
| こそ | koso | certainly (emphasizing the previous word); precisely; definitely ~ |
| こと | koto | (must do |
| ことから | koto kara | from the fact that ~ |
| ごとに | goto ni | each; every; at intervals of ~ |
| ことになっている | koto ni natteiru | to be expected; to be scheduled for; it has been decided as a rule that |
| ことは～が | koto wa~ga | although; but ~ |
| ことはない | koto wa nai | not necessary; (something) never happens; there is no possibility that ~ |
| さえ | sae | even; as far as; not even |
| さえ～ば | sae~ba | if only; as long as |
| さて | sate | conjunction: well; now; then ~ |
| さらに | sara ni | furthermore; again; more and more ~ |
| しかない | shikanai | have no choice but to ~ |
| しばらく | shibaraku | for a moment; for a while; for now |
| じゃない | janai | perhaps; probably; confirmation of information; express surprise to the listener |
| ずつ | zutsu | one piece; each; at a time |
| すでに | sude ni | something has already been done/occurred; it is already the case |
| すなわち | sunawachi | in other words; namely ~ |
| ずに | zuni | without doing ~ |
| ずにはいられない | zuni wa irarenai | cannot help but feel; cannot help but do; must do ~ |
| せいぜい | seizei | at most; at best; at maximum |
| せいで | sei de | because of; due to; as a result of ~ |
| そうもない /そうにない | sou mo nai /sou ni nai | very unlikely to ~; not showing signs of ~ |
| そのために | sono tame ni | consequently; for that reason; because of ~ |
| それとも | soretomo | or; or else ~ |
| だけ | dake | as far as ~ |
| だけでなく | dake de naku | not only, but also |
| だけど | dakedo | however; but |
| たって | tatte | even if; despite; no matter how ~ |
| たて | tate | just did; made on the spot; freshly made |
| たとえ～ても | tatoe~temo | even if… is the case |
| たとたん | ta totan | as soon as; just like ~ |
| たびに | tabi ni | whenever; every time ~ |
| ために | tame ni | for; in order to; for the benefit of; because of; as a result of ~ |
| たものだ | ta mono da | used to do; would often do |
| だらけ | darake | full of; covered with; a lot (of something undesirable) |
| つい | tsui | accidentally; involuntarily; by mistake |
| ついでに | tsuide ni | while, by the way, at the same time, on the way ~ |
| ついに | tsui ni | finally ~; at last ~; in the end |
| っけ | kke | a casual suffix to confirm something you are trying to remember |
| っぱなし | ppanashi | leaving (something) on; leaving (something) still in use |
| っぽい | ppoi | seems like; a bit ~; -ish; easily ~; often does ~ |
| つまり | tsumari | in other words; in short; in summary ~ |
| つもりだった | tsumori datta | I thought that ~; I believe that ~; was planning ~; intended ~ |
| つもりで | tsumori de | with the intention of doing ~ |
| ている場合じゃない（ているばあいじゃない） | teiru baai janai | not the time to do ~ |
| てからでないと | te kara de nai to | must first do; cannot do without first doing ~ |
| てごらん | te goran | (please) try; (please look |
| てしょうがない・てしかたがない | te shou ga nai/te shikata ga nai | cannot help but ~; very; extremely |
| てはいけないから | te wa ikenai kara | in order not to ~; to prevent a negative situation |
| てばかりいる | te bakari iru | only; nothing but ~ |
| てはじめて | te hajimete | not until; only after [x] I |
| てもかまわない | temo kamawanai | it doesn’t matter if ~ |
| てもしょうがない / てもしかたがない | temo shou ga nai / temo shikata ga nai | there’s no reason to ~; it’s pointless ~; there’s no way |
| ても始まらない（てもはじまらない） | temo hajimaranai | even if you… it’s pointless; it doesn’t make sense ~ |
| て済む（てすむ） | te sumu | sufficient for; no problem for; resolve by ~ |
| といい / たらいい | to ii / tara ii | it would be good if; we should; I hope ~ |
| ということだ | to iu koto da | I heard ~; it means that ~; in other words ~ |
| というのは | to iu nowa | that means; the meaning of… is; because; that is ~ |
| というより | to iu yori | rather than ~ |
| といっても | to ittemo | although I say; although it can be said ~ |
| どうしても | doushitemo | no matter what; at all costs; after all ~ |
| とおりに | toori ni | In the same way as; on the way; as ~ |
| ところが | tokoro ga | even so; however; although ~ |
| ところで | tokoro de | by the way ~ |
| として | toshite | as ~; in the role of ~ |
| とすれば・としたら・とすると | to sureba / to shitara / to suru to | in the case of ~; assuming ~; if A then B |
| とても～ない | totemo~nai | cannot be; hardly ~ |
| とは限らない（とはかぎらない） | towa kagiranai | not necessarily; not always true |
| とみえる / とみえて | to mieru / to miete | it seems that ~ |
| どんなに～ても | donna ni~temo | no matter how much) |
| と共に（とともに） | to tomo ni | together with; at the same time as; as well as ~ |
| と言うと（というと） | to iu to | speaking of; when you talk; when you say ~ |
| と言えば（といえば） | to ieba | speaking of; when you talk; when you say; if it were the case of ~ |
| ないことはない | nai koto wa nai | can do; it’s not impossible ~ |
| ないと | naito | must do; unless / if you don’t ~ |
| なかなか | nakanaka | very; quite; nice; instead; just not ~ |
| ながらも | nagara mo | but; although; despite ~ |
| なぜなら | nazenara | because; the reason is; if you want to know why |
| なるべく | naru beku | as much as possible |
| なんか・なんて・など | nanka; nante; nado | giving examples; showing modesty; belittling ~ |
| において / における | ni oite / ni okeru | in; at the place); regarding ~; concerning ~; in relation to ~ |
| にかけて | ni kakete | for a period); through ~; regarding ~; in relation to ~ |
| にかわって / にかわり | ni kawatte / ni kawari | instead of ~; replacing ~; on behalf of ~ |
| にしたがって | ni shitagatte | As; therefore; in accordance with; according to; consequently |
| にしては | ni shite wa | for; considering that it is (something or someone) |
| にしても | ni shite mo | even if; despite; regardless of ~ |
| について | ni tsuite | regarding; concerning; about; in ~ |
| につれて | ni tsurete | As; in proportion to; with; as… then ~ |
| にとって | ni totte | for; to; regarding; in relation to…; concerning ~ |
| には | ni wa | for the purpose of; in order to ~ |
| によって / による | ni yotte / ni yoru | by means of; due to; because of ~ |
| によると /によれば | ni yoru to/ni yoreba | according to ~ |
| に反して（にはんして） | ni hanshite | against; contrary to; in contrast with ~ |
| に対して（にたいして） | ni taishite | towards; against; regarding; in contrast with |
| に慣れる（になれる） | ni nareru | to be accustomed to something |
| に比べて（にくらべて） | ni kurabete | in comparison with ~; compared to ~ |
| に違いない（にちがいない） | ni chigai nai | I’m sure; without a doubt that ~ |
| に関する / に関して（にかんする / にかんして） | ni kan suru / ni kan shite | about; regarding; related to ~ |
| のでしょうか | no deshou ka | ask a question politely |
| は～で有名（は～でゆうめい） | wa~de yuumei | famous for ~ |
| ば～のに | ba~noni | would; should; if only ~ |
| ば～ほど | ba~hodo | The more |
| ばいい | ba ii | should, could, it would be good if ~ |
| ばかりで | bakari de | only; just (negative description) |
| ばかりでなく | bakari denaku | not only, but also; as well as ~ |
| はもちろん | wa mochiron | not to mention; not only; but also ~ |
| ばよかった | ba yokatta | should have; it would have been better if ~ |
| は別として（はべつとして） | wa betsu toshite | besides; apart from; except for; whether or not ~ |
| ふと | futo | Suddenly; accidentally; unexpectedly; involuntarily ~ |
| ぶりに | buri ni | for the first time in (period) |
| ふりをする | furi o suru | to pretend; to act as if ~ |
| べきだ | beki da | should do; must do ~ |
| べきではない | beki dewa nai | should not do ~; must not do ~ |
| ほど | hodo | degree; extent; limits; upper limit |
| ほど～ない | hodo~nai | is not as… as ~ |
| まさか | masaka | no way; that’s impossible; you must be joking |
| まるで | maru de | It seems like; as if; just like ~ |
| むしろ | mushiro | rather; instead of; better ~ |
| めったに～ない | metta ni~nai | hardly; rarely; seldom |
| も～ば～も | mo~ba~mo | and; moreover; also; or; neither nor |
| もしかしたら | moshika shitara | possibly; maybe; by chance; by any chance ~ |
| もしも〜たら | moshimo~tara | What if; in case; assuming ~ |
| ようがない | you ga nai | there’s no way; it’s impossible ~ |
| ようとしない | you to shinai | don’t try; don’t make an effort to ~ |
| ようとする | you to suru | try; to attempt; to be about to ~ |
| ような気がする（ようなきがする） | you na ki ga suru | have the feeling that; seems; seems like; I think that ~ |
| ように | you ni | in order to, so that ~ |
| ように見える（ようにみえる） | you ni mieru | to look; to seem; to appear ~ |
| よりも | yorimo | in comparison to; instead of ~; more than ~ |
| わけがない | wake ga nai | there’s no way ~; it’s impossible ~ |
| わけだ | wake da | for that reason; no wonder; as you would expect; the fact is that; so you mean ~ |
| わけではない | wake dewa nai | does not mean that; not the case; I did not mean that; it is not true that ~ |
| わけにはいかない | wake niwa ikanai | must not; cannot afford to; must, have no choice but to ~ |
| わざと | wazato | on purpose; intentionally ~ |
| わざわざ | wazawaza | to take the trouble to; to go out of one’s way to ~ |
| をはじめ | o hajime | for example; starting with |
| を中心に（をちゅうしんに） | o chuushin ni | focused on; centered on |
| を込めて（をこめて） | o komete | filled with; full of |
| を通じて /を通して（をつうじて /をとおして） | o tsuujite /o tooshite | through; via; along; by |
| んだって | ndatte | I heard that; I heard ~ |
| 一体（いったい） | ittai | emphasis; what on earth; what in the world ~ |
| 一度に（いちどに） | ichido ni | all at once |
| 一方だ（いっぽうだ） | ippou da | more and more; continue to ~ |
| 上げる（あげる） | ageru | to finish doing ~ |
| 上で（うえで） | ue de | on top; after; when; for; in order to |
| 上に（うえに） | ue ni | also; moreover; in addition to; not only… but also ~ |
| 中（ちゅう） | chuu / juu | currently; during; at some point; throughout; before the end of ~ |
| 代わりに（かわりに） | kawari ni | instead of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for |
| 例えば（たとえば） | tatoeba | for example; for instance ~ |
| 最中に（さいちゅうに） | saichuu ni | while; during; in the middle of ~ |
| 切る（きる） | kiru | to do something completely to the end |
| 切れない（きれない） | kirenai | unable to do; too much to finish/complete |
| 別に～ない（べつに～ない） | betsu ni~nai | not really, not particularly |
| 割に（わりに） | wari ni | considering; comparatively; relatively; unexpectedly; exceptionally ~ |
| 合う（あう） | au | to do something together |
| 向き（むき） | muki | suitable for ~ |
| 向け（むけ） | muke | intended for; aimed at ~ |
| 数量 + は（すうりょう + は） | suuryou + wa | at least ~ |
| 気味（ぎみ） | gimi | -like; -looking; -seeming; tending to ~ |
| 決して～ない（けっして～ない） | kesshite~nai | never; by no means ~ |
| 的（てき） | teki | to change noun to adjective-na (-ish; -like; -ish) |
| 直す（なおす） | naosu | to do something again; to redo |
| 確かに（たしかに） | tashika ni | certainly, surely ~ |
| 結局（けっきょく） | kekkyoku | after all; eventually; in the end ~ |
| 結果（けっか） | kekka | as a result of; after ~ |
| 込む（こむ） | komu | to do something for a long time or to move something inside |
| 途中で/途中に（とちゅうで/とちゅうに） | tochuu de / tochuu ni | on the way; in the middle of ~ |
| 通す（とおす） | toosu | to do to the end; to do continuously; through ~ |
| 際に（さいに） | sai ni | when; at the time of; in the case of ~ |
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