In Japan, one of the most traditional dishes for the celebration of Christmas is the Kurisumasu Keeki, a Christmas cake that, over time, has become a symbol of this festivity. Although Christmas is not a religious tradition strongly rooted in Japanese culture, the celebration has gained popularity with Western elements, and Kurisumasu Keeki has become a fundamental part of this celebration.
Unlike Western traditions, Kurisumasu Keeki has unique elements that reflect Japanese culture and history. Every detail of this cake carries symbolism and stories that make it special for the Japanese.
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The Origin of Kurisumasu Keeki
The tradition of making Kurisumasu Keeki is believed to have emerged at the end of the Meiji era (1868-1912). In 1910, the Fujiya bakery, located in the port city of Yokohama, introduced the first "Japanese Christmas cake", inspired by English fruit cakes.
In 1921, after visiting the United States to study the confectionery industry, the owner of Fujiya brought back new ideas and techniques that influenced the evolution of Kurisumasu Keeki. Inspired by the innovation and methods seen abroad, he expanded the concept and began selling cakes decorated with buttercream in his store in Tokyo's upmarket Ginza district. However, the price of these cakes was high for most consumers, due to Japan's economic difficulties in the post-war period.
The Rise of the Christmas Cake in the 1960s
The 1960s marked Japan's economic prosperity, allowing Christmas cake to become more affordable. Fujiya launched an advertising campaign promoting the new style of cake, with soft dough, white whipped cream and fresh strawberries. This marketing, combined with the growing purchasing power of Japanese families, meant that Kurisumasu Keeki became popular throughout the country.
The cake has also come to represent Japan's overcoming of the difficult war period. The predominant colors of the cake, the white of the whipped cream and the red of the strawberries, coincidentally reflect the colors of the Japanese flag, adding a touch of patriotism to the sweet.
Traditional Kurisumasu Keeki
The traditional Kurisumasu Keeki is a round cake, made with layers of fluffy sponge, fresh strawberries, and whipped cream. Its appearance is delicate and its decoration generally includes Christmas figures, such as trees, stars, and small snowmen made of sugar or marzipan. The combination of soft and fresh flavors is part of what makes this dessert so appreciated in Japan.
Today, Kurisumasu Keeki has established itself as a Christmas tradition in Japan, and its popularity is so great that on Christmas Eve, December 24, it's common to see huge queues at confectioners' shops, with people eager to secure their cake. The cakes are often ordered in advance because of the demand.
The Diversity of Kurisumasu Keeki
From November, bakeries, department stores and confectionery stores across Japan will be offering their own versions of Kurisumasu Keeki. Each establishment brings its own interpretation of the cake, with variations ranging from the traditional style with strawberries and whipped cream to more sophisticated creations that include chocolates and exotic fruits.
Famous patisseries and renowned chefs such as Pierre Hermé and Jean-Paul Hévin are bringing their own versions of Kurisumasu Keeki to the Japanese market. Japanese brands such as Sadaharu Aoki and Hironobu Tsujiguchi also have their own interpretation of this dessert, offering creations that delight both in taste and presentation.
In addition, the delivery sector adapts to the high demand for these cakes, with an organized system for fulfilling orders. In this way, the Christmas cake tradition is kept alive, catering for all types of public.
Evolution of Kurisumasu Keeki
In the beginning, Christmas cakes in Japan were simpler, covered in butter icing. However, as the years went by and the country's economy grew, the decoration and ingredients of Kurisumasu Keeki became more elaborate. Fresh whipped cream replaced frosting, and the cakes began to be decorated with ornaments reminiscent of Christmas, such as figures of Santa Claus and reindeer.
As well as being delicious, these cakes are true works of art. Small and delicate, the "Kurisumasu Keeki" are decorated with such care that they are comparable to sculptures, enchanting both in appearance and taste.
The Beauty and Symbolism of Kurisumasu Keeki
As well as being a delicious sweet, Kurisumasu Keeki carries great symbolism. The colors of the cake, red and white, refer to the Japanese flag, representing the union of Christmas spirit and national pride. This dessert is more than just a culinary tradition; it symbolizes the overcoming of a country and the celebration of a date that, although not originally part of Japanese culture, has been enthusiastically adopted and adapted to reflect Japan's identity and values.
In the streets and stores of Japan, during the month of December, "Kurisumasu Keeki" becomes an attraction in itself. Confectioners' windows are transformed into veritable visual spectacles, displaying beautifully decorated cakes that capture the spirit of Christmas and bring joy to those who look at them.
Wrapping Up
The Kurisumasu Keeki is a symbol of the Christmas tradition in Japan, representing the union between western influences and Japanese culture. Since its creation in the early 20th century to its evolution over the years, the Japanese Christmas cake has won the hearts of the Japanese, becoming an important part of year-end celebrations.
Today, Kurisumasu Keeki is a dessert that not only sweetens celebrations, but also carries a rich history of overcoming and innovation, reflecting the resilience and creative spirit of the Japanese people.