In this article, we will share a list of rules and grammatical structures of the Japanese language studied in the JLPT N4. This is a complete list of N4 Japanese grammar, involving particles, adverbs, and other expressions that form the foundation of Japanese.
N4 JLPT Japanese Grammar
We recommend examining the grammatical expressions in isolation, as there may have been some errors during translation. The purpose of the list below is simply to show what you need to study to take the JLPT N4 exam.
Responsive Table: Scroll the table sideways with your finger >>
| あまり～ない | amari~nai | not much, not very ~ |
| いたします | itashimasu | to do (polite form of する) |
| いらっしゃる | irassharu | to be; to come; to go (polite version) |
| お～ください | o~kudasai | please do (honorific) |
| お～になる | o~ni naru | to do (honorific) |
| おきに | oki ni | repeated at intervals, every ~ |
| かい | kai | turns a statement into a yes/no question |
| かしら | ka shira | I wonder ~ |
| がする | ga suru | to smell; to hear; to taste |
| かどうか | ka dou ka | whether or not ~ |
| かな | kana | I wonder; should I? |
| かもしれない | kamo shirenai | might; possibly; indicates possibility |
| から作る（からつくる） | kara tsukuru | made of; made with |
| がり | gari | someone tends to; has a tendency to; is sensitive to ~ |
| がる・がっている | garu; gatteiru | to show signs of; to appear; to feel, think |
| が必要（がひつよう） | ga hitsuyou | need; necessary |
| きっと | kitto | certainly; undoubtedly; almost certainly; probably |
| くする | ku suru | to do something ~ |
| ございます | gozaimasu | to be, to exist (the polite form of いる / あ る) |
| こと | koto | nominalizer for verbs |
| ことがある | koto ga aru | there are times when |
| ことができる | koto ga dekiru | can; able to |
| ことにする | koto ni suru | to decide on |
| ことになる | koto ni naru | it has been decided that…; it turns out that… |
| さ | sa | -ness; nominalizer for adjectives |
| さすが | Sasuga | as expected; as one would expect; even ~ |
| させてください | sasete kudasai | please let me do |
| させられる | saserareru | causative-passive; to be made to do something |
| させる | saseru | causal form; to make/let someone do something |
| さっき | sakki | a little while ago; just now |
| し | shi | and; and what else; emphasis ~ |
| じゃないか | janai ka | right? isn’t it? let’s ~; confirmation |
| ぜひ | zehi | by all means; certainly; definitely ~ |
| そうだ | sou da [1] | I heard that; it is said that ~ |
| そうだ | sou da [2] | it seems; appears; seeming ~ |
| そうに・そうな | sou ni / sou na | seems like; looks like ~ |
| それでも | sore demo | but still; and still; even so ~ |
| それに | sore ni | besides; moreover; in addition to that; furthermore ~ |
| そんなに | sonna ni | very; so; liked that |
| たがる | tagaru | wants to do ~ (third person) |
| だけで | dake de | just by; just doing |
| たところ | ta tokoro | just did, was just doing |
| たばかり | ta bakari | just finished; something just happened |
| たら | tara | if; after; when ~ |
| たらいいですか | tara ii desu ka | what should I do?; speaker seeking instructions from the listener |
| たらどう | tara dou | why don’t you (used to give advice) |
| って | tte | named; called ~ |
| づらい | zurai | difficult to do ~ |
| て / で | te / de | conjunctive particle; so; because of [a], [b]… |
| てあげる | te ageru | to do; to do a favor |
| ていく | te iku | to start; to continue; to keep on |
| ていた | te ita | was doing something (past continuous) |
| ていただけませんか | te itadakemasen ka | could you please ~ |
| ているところ | teiru tokoro | in the process of doing |
| ておく | te oku | to do something in advance |
| てくる | te kuru | to do… and come back; to become; to continue; to start ~ |
| てくれる | te kureru | to do a favor; to do something for someone |
| でございます | de gozaimasu | to be (honorific) |
| てしまう / ちゃう | te shimau / chau | to do something by accident, to finish completely |
| てすみません | te sumimasen | I’m sorry for |
| ではないか | dewa nai ka | right?; isn’t it? |
| てほしい | te hoshii | I want you to; I need you to ~ |
| てみる | te miru | try to do |
| ても | temo | even; even if; although ~ |
| でも | demo | … or something; how about ~ |
| てもらう | te morau | to get someone to do something |
| てやる | te yaru | to do; to do a favor (casual) |
| てよかった | te yokatta | I’m glad that.. |
| と | to | whenever [a] happens, [b] also happens |
| という | to iu | called; named; that ~ |
| ということ | to iu koto | to convert a sentence into a noun |
| とか～とか | toka~toka | among other things; such as; like ~ |
| ところ | tokoro | almost; about to do something |
| と思う（とおもう） | to omou | to think…; I think that…; you think… |
| と聞いた（ときいた） | to kiita | I heard… |
| と言ってもいい（といってもいい） | to ittemo ii | you could say; it can be said; I would say ~ |
| と言われている（といわれている） | to iwarete iru | it is said that ~ |
| な | na | don’t ~ (asking someone not to do something) |
| なかなか～ない | nakanaka~nai | not easy; struggling to; unable to ~ |
| ながら | nagara | while; during; as; simultaneously |
| なければいけない | nakereba ikenai | I must do something; have to do something |
| なければならない | nakereba naranai | I must do something; have to do something |
| なさい | nasai | do this (soft/firm command) |
| なさる | nasaru | to do (honorific) |
| など | nado | such as things like ~ |
| なら | nara | if; in the case of ~ |
| にくい | nikui | difficult to do ~ |
| にする | ni suru | to make something ~ |
| にみえる | ni mieru | to look; to seem; to appear |
| に気がつく（にきがつく） | ni ki ga tsuku | to notice; to realize |
| のに | noni | although, despite, even though ~ |
| のに | noni | to do something); in order to ~ |
| のは〜だ | nowa~da | [a] is [b]; the reason for [a] is [b] |
| の中で（のなかで） | no naka de | in; among ~ |
| ば | ba | conditional form; if [a], then [b] |
| は〜が… は | wa~ga… wa | [a] but [b]; however; comparison |
| ばかり | bakari | only; nothing but ~ |
| はずがない | hazu ga nai | cannot be (impossible) |
| はずだ | hazu da | must be; should be (expectation) |
| または | matawa | both; or; otherwise; choice between [a] or [b] |
| までに | made ni | by; when the time comes; indicates time limit |
| まま | mama | as it is; current state; without changing ~ |
| みたいだ | mitai da | like, similar to, resembling |
| みたいな | mitai na | like, similar to ~ |
| みたいに | mitai ni | like; similar to ~ |
| も | mo | as many as; as much as; even; almost ~ |
| やすい | yasui | easy to; prone to; has a tendency to ~ |
| やっと | yatto | finally; at last; barely; narrowly ~ |
| ようだ | you da | seems; appears; seems that ~ |
| ようと思う（ようとおもう） | you to omou | thinking of doing; planning ~ |
| ように / ような | you ni / you na | like; as; similar to ~ |
| ようにする | you ni suru | to try; to make sure that ~ |
| ようになる | you ni naru | to reach the point that; to come to be; to become ~ |
| より | yori | than; instead of; more than ~ |
| らしい | rashii | seems that; I heard; apparently ~ |
| られる | rareru | potential form; ability or inability to do something |
| 予定だ（よていだ） | yotei da | to plan, I intend |
| 他動詞 & 自動詞（たどうし & じどうし） | tadoushi & jidoushi | transitive and intransitive verbs |
| 全然～ない（ぜんぜん～ない） | zenzen~nai | (not at all) |
| 出す（だす） | dasu | to start; to begin; to burst;… out (for example, to jump, to perform) |
| 受身形（うけみけい） | ukemi kei | passive form; passive voice |
| 場合は（ばあいは） | baai wa | in the event of; in case of |
| 始める（はじめる） | hajimeru | to start; to begin to ~ |
| 後で（あとで） | ato de | after ~; later |
| 必要がある（ひつようがある） | hitsuyou ga aru | necessary; it is necessary |
| 急に（きゅうに） | kyuu ni | quickly; immediately; hastily; suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly ~ |
| 意向形 （いこうけい） | ikou kei – volitional form | volitional form; let’s do ~ |
| 終わる（おわる） | owaru | to finish; to end ~ |
| 続ける（つづける） | tsuzukeru | to continue to; interested in ~ |
| 間（あいだ） | aida | while; during; between |
| 間に（あいだに） | aida ni | while / during ~ something happened |
| 頃（ころ / ごろ） | koro / goro | around; about; when |
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