In this article, we are going to share a list of Japanese grammatical rules and structures studied in JLPT N4. This is a complete list of Japanese N4 grammar, involving particles, adverbs and other expressions that form the basis of Japanese.
N4 JLPT Japanese Grammar
We recommend examining the grammatical expressions in isolation, as some errors may have occurred during translation. The objective of the list below is just to show what you need to study to take the JLPT N4.
Responsive Table: Scroll the table to the side with your finger >>
| あまり～ない | amari~nai | not much, not much~ |
| いたします | itashimasu | to do (polite form of する) |
| いらっしゃる | irassharu | to be; to come; to go (polite version) |
| お～ください | o~kudasai | please do (honorific) |
| お～になる | o~ni naru | do (honorific) |
| おきに | ok ni | repeated at intervals, every ~ |
| かい | kai | turns a sentence into a yes/no question |
| かしら | ka shira | I wonder ~ |
| がする | ga suru | Smell; hear; taste |
| かどうか | ok | whether or not ~ |
| かな | kana | I wonder; should I? |
| かもしれない | kamo shirenai | could; possibly; indicates possibility |
| から作る（からつくる） | kara tsukuru | made of; made with |
| がり | street sweeper | someone tends to; has a tendency to; has sensitivity to ~ |
| がる・がっている | garu; gatteiru | to show signs of; appear; feel, think |
| が必要（がひつよう） | ga hitsuyou | need; necessary |
| きっと | kitto | certainly; without a doubt; almost certainly; probably |
| くする | ku suru | do something ~ |
| ございます | enjoy | be, exist (the polite form of いる / ある) |
| こと | koto | verb nominalizer |
| ことがある | koto ga aru | there are times when |
| ことができる | koto ga dekiru | can; able to |
| ことにする | koto ni suru | decide on |
| ことになる | koto ni naru | It was decided that...; it happens that... |
| さ | sa | -ness; nominalizer for adjectives |
| さすが | Sasuga | as expected; as to be expected; mesmo ~ |
| させてください | sasete kudasai | please let me do |
| させられる | saserareru | causative-passive; to be made to do something |
| させる | saseru | causal form; make / let someone do something |
| さっき | sakki | some time ago; right now |
| し | shi | and; and what else; emphasis ~ |
| じゃないか | janai ka | right? isn't it? let's ~; confirmation |
| ぜひ | zehi | by all means; certainly; definitely ~ |
| そうだ | I'm from [1] | I heard that; it is said that ~ |
| そうだ | I'm from [2] | seems; appears as; appearing ~ |
| そうに・そうな | am ni / am na | it seems that; looks like ~ |
| それでも | sore demo | but still; and still; nevertheless ~ |
| それに | sore ni | besides; furthermore; in addition; moreover; also |
| そんなに | sonna ni | very; so; liked this |
| たがる | tagaru | want to do ~ (third person) |
| だけで | dake of | just by; just doing |
| たところ | ok tokoro | I just did, was just doing |
| たばかり | ok bakari | finished; something just happened |
| たら | tara | and if; after; when ~ |
| たらいいですか | tara ii desu ka | What should I do?; speaker seeking instructions from the listener |
| たらどう | tara give | why don't you (used to give advice) |
| って | tte | named; called ~ |
| づらい | zurai | hard to do ~ |
| て / で | te / de | conjunction particle; so; because of [a], [b]... |
| てあげる | te ageru | to do; to do a favor |
| ていく | te iku | to start; to continue; to continue |
| ていた | te ita | was doing something (past continuous) |
| ていただけませんか | te itadakemasen ka | could you please~ |
| ているところ | teiru tokoro | in the process of making |
| ておく | te oku | do something in advance |
| てくる | te kuru | to do... and come back; to become; to continue; to start ~ |
| てくれる | te kureru | to do a favor; do something for someone |
| でございます | from gozaimasu | be (honorific) |
| てしまう / ちゃう | you shimau / bye | to do something by accident, to finish completely |
| てすみません | te sumimasen | forgive me for |
| ではないか | dewa nai ka | right?; isn't it? |
| てほしい | te hoshii | I want you; I need you ~ |
| てみる | te miru | try to do |
| ても | temo | until; even if; although |
| でも | demo | ... or something; how about ~ |
| てもらう | te morau | to get someone to do something |
| てやる | te yaru | to do; do a favor (casual) |
| てよかった | te yokatta | I'm happy that.. |
| と | tō | whenever [a] happens, [b] also happens |
| という | to iu | called; appointed; that ~ |
| ということ | to iu koto | convert phrase to noun |
| とか～とか | toka~toka | among other things; such as; how ~ |
| ところ | tokoro | almost; about to do something |
| と思う（とおもう） | to omou | think...; I think that...; do you think... |
| と聞いた（ときいた） | to kiita | I heard... |
| と言ってもいい（といってもいい） | to ittemo ii | you could say; you can say; I would say |
| と言われている（といわれている） | to iwarete iru | it is said that ~ |
| な | na | no~ (ask someone not to do something) |
| なかなか～ない | nakanaka~nai | not easy; struggling to; unable to ~ |
| ながら | nagara | while; during; as; simultaneously |
| なければいけない | nakereba ikenai | I must do something; you have to do something |
| なければならない | nakereba naranai | I must do something; you have to do something |
| なさい | nasai | do it (soft/firm command) |
| なさる | nasaru | do (honorific) |
| など | swim | such as things like ~ |
| なら | nara | and if, in case of ~ |
| にくい | nikui | hard to do ~ |
| にする | ni suru | do something ~ |
| にみえる | no mieru | look; seem; appear |
| に気がつく（にきがつく） | ni ki ga tsuku | perceive; realize |
| のに | noni | although, despite, although ~ |
| のに | noni | do something); in order to ~ |
| のは〜だ | nowa~da | [a] is [b]; the reason for [a] is [b] |
| の中で（のなかで） | in the hell of | no; between ~ |
| ば | ba | conditional form; if [a], then [b] |
| は〜が… は | wa~ga... wa | [a] but [b]; however; comparison |
| ばかり | bakari | only; nothing but ~ |
| はずがない | hazu ga nai | cannot be (impossible) |
| はずだ | hazu da | should be; should have been (expectation) |
| または | matawa | both; or; otherwise; choose between [a] or [b] |
| までに | made ni | by; when the time comes; indicates time limit |
| まま | mama | how this is; current state; without changing ~ |
| みたいだ | mitai da | like, similar to, similar |
| みたいな | mitai na | like, similar to ~ |
| みたいに | mitai ni | like; similar to ~ |
| も | mo | as many as; as much as; until; almost |
| やすい | yasui | easy to; prone to; prone to; tends to ~ |
| やっと | yacht | finally; finally; bad; closely |
| ようだ | you give | it seems; it seems; it seems that ~ |
| ようと思う（ようとおもう） | you loved me | thinking about doing; planning ~ |
| ように / ような | you ni / you na | like; how; similar to ~ |
| ようにする | you ni suru | to try; to make sure that ~ |
| ようになる | you ni naru | reach the point where; to become that; to turn into ~ |
| より | yori | what; instead of; more than ~ |
| らしい | rashii | it seems that; I heard; apparently |
| られる | rareru | Potential form; ability or inability to do something |
| 予定だ（よていだ） | yotei da | plan, intend |
| 他動詞 & 自動詞（たどうし & じどうし） | tadoushi & jidoushi | transitive and intransitive verbs |
| 全然～ない（ぜんぜん～ない） | zenzen~nai | (not at all |
| 出す（だす） | dasu | to start; to start; to explode;... out (for example, to jump, to perform) |
| 受身形（うけみけい） | ukemi kei | passive form; passive voice |
| 場合は（ばあいは） | baai wa | in the event of; in case of |
| 始める（はじめる） | hajimeru | to start; to begin to ~ |
| 後で（あとで） | act of | after ~; later |
| 必要がある（ひつようがある） | hitsuyou ga aru | I need; it's necessary |
| 急に（きゅうに） | kyuu ni | quickly; immediately; hastily; suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly |
| 意向形 （いこうけい） | Let's go | volitional form; let's do |
| 終わる（おわる） | owaru | to finish; in order to finish ~ |
| 続ける（つづける） | tsuzukeru | keep on; interested in ~ |
| 間（あいだ） | aida | while; during; between |
| 間に（あいだに） | aida ni | while / during ~ something happened |
| 頃（ころ / ごろ） | koro / koro | around; about; when |