In this article, we are going to share a list of Japanese grammatical rules and structures studied in JLPT N4. This is a complete list of Japanese N4 grammar, involving particles, adverbs and other expressions that form the basis of Japanese.
N4 JLPT Japanese Grammar
We recommend examining grammatical expressions in isolation, as errors may have occurred during translation. The purpose of the list below is just to show you what you need to study to take the JLPT N4.
Responsive Table: Scroll the table sideways with your finger >>
| あまり～ない | amari~nai | not much, not much~ |
| いたします | itashimasu | to do (polite form of する) |
| いらっしゃる | irassharu | to be; to come; to go (polite version) |
| お～ください | o~kudasai | please do (honorific) |
| お～になる | o~ni naru | do (honorific) |
| おきに | ok ni | repeated at intervals, every ~ |
| かい | kai | turns a sentence into a yes/no question |
| かしら | ka shira | I wonder ~ |
| がする | ga suru | Smell; hear; taste |
| かどうか | ok | whether or not ~ |
| かな | kana | I wonder; should I? |
| かもしれない | kamo shirenai | could; possibly; indicates possibility |
| から作る（からつくる） | kara tsukuru | made of; made with |
| がり | street sweeper | someone tends to; has a tendency to; has sensitivity to ~ |
| がる・がっている | garu; gatteiru | to show signs of; appear; feel, think |
| が必要（がひつよう） | ga hitsuyou | need; necessary |
| きっと | kitto | certainly; without a doubt; almost certainly; probably |
| くする | ku suru | do something ~ |
| ございます | enjoy | be, exist (the polite form of いる / ある) |
| こと | koto | verb nominalizer |
| ことがある | There is a thing | there are times when |
| ことができる | I can. | can; able to |
| ことにする | deal with | decide on |
| ことになる | koto ni naru | It was decided that...; it happens that... |
| さ | sa | -ness; nominalizer for adjectives |
| さすが | Sasuga | as expected; as to be expected; mesmo ~ |
| させてください | Please let me do it | please let me do |
| させられる | saserareru | causative-passive; to be made to do something |
| させる | saseru | causal form; make / let someone do something |
| さっき | sakki | some time ago; right now |
| し | shi | and; and what else; emphasis ~ |
| じゃないか | Aren't you? | right? isn't it? let's ~; confirmation |
| ぜひ | zehi | by all means; certainly; definitely ~ |
| そうだ | I'm from [1] | I heard that; it is said that ~ |
| そうだ | I'm from [2] | seems; appears as; appearing ~ |
| そうに・そうな | am ni / am na | it seems that; looks like ~ |
| それでも | sore demo | but still; and still; nevertheless ~ |
| それに | sore ni | besides; furthermore; in addition; moreover; also |
| そんなに | sonna ni | very; so; liked this |
| たがる | tagaru | want to do ~ (third person) |
| だけで | dake of | just by; just doing |
| たところ | ok tokoro | I just did, was just doing |
| たばかり | ok bakari | finished; something just happened |
| たら | tara | and if; after; when ~ |
| たらいいですか | How can I help you? | What should I do?; speaker seeking instructions from the listener |
| たらどう | tara give | why don't you (used to give advice) |
| って | tte | named; called ~ |
| づらい | zurai | hard to do ~ |
| て / で | you / from | conjunction particle; so; because of [a], [b]... |
| てあげる | you acted | to do; to do a favor |
| ていく | you iku | to start; to continue; to continue |
| ていた | go you | was doing something (past continuous) |
| ていただけませんか | Can you eat? | could you please~ |
| ているところ | teiru tokoro | in the process of making |
| ておく | ok you | do something in advance |
| てくる | kuru you | to do... and come back; to become; to continue; to start ~ |
| てくれる | kureru you | to do a favor; do something for someone |
| でございます | from gozaimasu | be (honorific) |
| てしまう / ちゃう | you shimau / bye | to do something by accident, to finish completely |
| てすみません | disappear | forgive me for |
| ではないか | dewa nai ka - Is not it? | right?; isn't it? |
| てほしい | you hoshii | I want you; I need you ~ |
| てみる | I looked at you | try to do |
| ても | I fear | until; even if; although |
| でも | demo | ... or something; how about ~ |
| てもらう | lived you | to get someone to do something |
| てやる | you yaru | to do; do a favor (casual) |
| てよかった | you yokata | I'm happy that.. |
| と | para | whenever [a] happens, [b] also happens |
| という | I'm gone | called; appointed; that ~ |
| ということ | that's what it is | convert phrase to noun |
| とか～とか | toka~toka | among other things; such as; how ~ |
| ところ | tokoro | almost; about to do something |
| と思う（とおもう） | I loved | think...; I think that...; do you think... |
| と聞いた（ときいた） | I'm kiita | I heard... |
| と言ってもいい（といってもいい） | It's okay to go | you could say; you can say; I would say |
| と言われている（といわれている） | being said to | it is said that ~ |
| な | na | no~ (ask someone not to do something) |
| なかなか～ない | nakanaka~nai | not easy; struggling to; unable to ~ |
| ながら | nagara | while; during; as; simultaneously |
| なければいけない | You must not cry | I must do something; you have to do something |
| なければならない | nakereba naranai | I must do something; you have to do something |
| なさい | nasai | do it (soft/firm command) |
| なさる | nasaru | do (honorific) |
| など | swim | such as things like ~ |
| なら | nara | and if, in case of ~ |
| にくい | nikui | hard to do ~ |
| にする | ni suru | do something ~ |
| にみえる | no mieru | look; seem; appear |
| に気がつく（にきがつく） | ni ki ga tsuku | perceive; realize |
| のに | noni | although, despite, although ~ |
| のに | noni | do something); in order to ~ |
| のは〜だ | nowa~da | [a] is [b]; the reason for [a] is [b] |
| の中で（のなかで） | in the hell of | no; between ~ |
| ば | ba | conditional form; if [a], then [b] |
| は〜が… は | wa~ga... wa | [a] but [b]; however; comparison |
| ばかり | bakari | only; nothing but ~ |
| はずがない | There is no need | cannot be (impossible) |
| はずだ | hazu da | should be; should have been (expectation) |
| または | matawa | both; or; otherwise; choose between [a] or [b] |
| までに | made ni | by; when the time comes; indicates time limit |
| まま | mom | how this is; current state; without changing ~ |
| みたいだ | mitai da | like, similar to, similar |
| みたいな | mitai na | like, similar to ~ |
| みたいに | I want to see | like; similar to ~ |
| も | mo | as many as; as much as; until; almost |
| やすい | yasui | easy to; prone to; prone to; tends to ~ |
| やっと | yacht | finally; finally; bad; closely |
| ようだ | you give | it seems; it seems; it seems that ~ |
| ようと思う（ようとおもう） | you loved me | thinking about doing; planning ~ |
| ように / ような | you ni / you na | like; how; similar to ~ |
| ようにする | you ni suru -> do it | to try; to make sure that ~ |
| ようになる | you will become | reach the point where; to become that; to turn into ~ |
| より | yori | what; instead of; more than ~ |
| らしい | rashii | it seems that; I heard; apparently |
| られる | rareru | Potential form; ability or inability to do something |
| 予定だ（よていだ） | yotei da | plan, intend |
| 他動詞 & 自動詞（たどうし & じどうし） | tadoushi & jidoushi | transitive and intransitive verbs |
| 全然～ない（ぜんぜん～ない） | zenzen~nai | (not at all |
| 出す（だす） | dasu | to start; to start; to explode;... out (for example, to jump, to perform) |
| 受身形（うけみけい） | ukemi kei | passive form; passive voice |
| 場合は（ばあいは） | baai wa | in the event of; in case of |
| 始める（はじめる） | hajimeru | to start; to begin to ~ |
| 後で（あとで） | act of | after ~; later |
| 必要がある（ひつようがある） | needs needed | I need; it's necessary |
| 急に（きゅうに） | kyuu ni | quickly; immediately; hastily; suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly |
| 意向形 （いこうけい） | Let's go | volitional form; let's do |
| 終わる（おわる） | owaru | to finish; in order to finish ~ |
| 続ける（つづける） | tsuzukeru | keep on; interested in ~ |
| 間（あいだ） | aida | while; during; between |
| 間に（あいだに） | aida ni | while / during ~ something happened |
| 頃（ころ / ごろ） | koro / koro | around; about; when |
