Translation and Meaning of: 義理 - giri

On this page, we will study the meaning of the Japanese word 義理 (giri) and its translation into English. Let's see their different meanings, example phrases, explanations, etymology and the similar words.

Romaji: giri

Kana: ぎり

Type: noun

L: jlpt-n1

義理

Translation / Meaning: duty; sense of duty; decency; courtesy; debt of gratitude; social obligation

Meaning in English: duty;sense of duty;honor;decency;courtesy;debt of gratitude;social obligation

Definition: To fulfill a debt or responsibility to another person.

Sumário
- Etymology
- Vocabulary
- Writing
- Phrases

Explanation and Etymology - (義理) giri

The word 「義理」 (giri) is a Japanese expression with a deep and complex meaning. Etymologically, 「義」 (gi) means "justice" or "duty," and 「理」 (ri) refers to "reason" or "principle." When combined, they form the notion of "impartial justice" or "moral duty," reflecting the importance of social balance and obligations within Japanese culture. In a cultural context, 「義理」 (giri) is often referred to as a moral obligation owed to someone, whether out of gratitude, loyalty, or friendship.

The origin of the concept of 「義理」 dates back to the Japanese feudal period, when social relations were governed by a strict system of loyalty and hierarchy, especially between lords and samurai. In those times, moral and social commitments were fundamental for maintaining order and harmony. This expression is still common today, playing a crucial role in social and professional interactions in Japan, ensuring that people keep their promises and maintain their responsibilities.

In practice, 「義理」 can be observed in various everyday actions. A common application is in "giri" gifts, which are presents given out of social obligation, such as the exchanges during "Oseibo" (year-end) and "Ochugen" (mid-year), to show gratitude to colleagues, superiors, or clients. This behavior highlights the value that Japanese society places on maintaining harmonious relationships and fulfilling social obligations, even if only formally.

Uses of 「義理」 in Modern Culture

義理人情 (giri ninjo): Refers to the conflict between morality (giri) and human emotions, highlighting the dilemma between following social obligations and attending to personal feelings.
義理チョコ (giri choko): On Valentine's Day in Japan, women often give "giri chocolates" to coworkers and friends, fulfilling a social obligation rather than a romantic gesture.
義理の家族 (giri no kazoku): Means "family by obligation," referring to relatives by marriage, such as in-laws or siblings-in-law, once again highlighting the concept of duty and respect.

Understanding 「義理」 in the Japanese cultural context is essential for grasping the complexity of social relationships in Japan. The word also symbolizes a delicate balance between obligation and sincerity, reflecting the traditional values that permeate society to this day. For those outside Japan, learning about 「義理」 offers a window into the rich tapestry of Japanese traditions and how they shape personal and professional interactions.

Synonyms and similar words

義理 (giri) - Duty, social obligation
礼儀 (reigi) - Etiquette, courtesy
人情 (ninjo) - Human feelings, empathy
世間体 (seikentai) - Concern for public opinion
作法 (sahō) - Ceremony, ways
規範 (kihan) - Norms, standards of behavior
常識 (joshiki) - Common sense, common knowledge
儀式 (gishiki) - Formal ceremony
お礼 (orei) - Thank you
お返し (okaeshi) - Return, giving back a gift
お詫び (owabi) - Apologies
お見舞い (omimai) - Visiting a sick person, a gesture of consideration
お祝い (oiwai) - Congratulations, celebration of an event
お供え (osonai) - Offering, usually in religious contexts
お土産 (omiyage) - Souvenir gift
お祭り (omatsuri) - Festival, cultural celebration
お祀り (omatsuri) - Ritual of worship, usually to gods
お参り (omairi) - Visit to a sanctuary or temple
お願い (onegai) - Order, request
お願い事 (onegai-goto) - A specific request or wish
お願い申し上げる (onegai mōshiageru) - Formal request, usually used in respectful contexts